97th DOG Annual Meeting 1999
V274
MAJOR STEPS IN SURGERY OF THE ORBIT
D. Holland, R. Rochels
Some of the most important steps in orbital surgery from a historical viewpoint are presented. Until the early 18th century surgery of the orbit ment only removal of the globe. One precusor of an intraorbital operation was the excisio partialis bulbi, which is described by Celsus. The first big step was done in 1583 by Bartisch with his exstirpation of the eye.This technic was improved by Hildanus in 1596 and in 1774 by Louis. In 1841 the enucleation of the eye was introduced by Bonnet and Ferrall. Later in 1864 Alfred Graefe invented the eviszeration of the eye. The removal of intraorbital tumors, in most cases of dermoid cysts of the anterior orbit, was performed for the first time in the early 18th century. This was the beginning of the anterior orbitotomie, that we know today in many different variations. From 1864 on the exenteration of the orbit was performed for the treatment of aggressiv orbital tumors. We see in the Knapp-operation for tumors of the optic nerve the beginning of the operative attack on retroglobal tumors. In this context also the neurotomia- and the neurectomia optico-ciliaris are to mention. Another big step forward did Krönlein in 1889 with his lateral orbitotomie, which is characterized by a wide view in the operation field. This is also a quality of the transcranial orbitotomie, which was especialy spread by Dandy since 1941 and dominated for long time the orbital surgery. Different operations, that developed from the beginning of this century for the decompression of the orbit in graves disease are also mentioned. The treatment of the blow-out-fracture did great progress in the 1940th. These different operations brought different medical specialities on the field of orbital surgery and caused that special orbita-centres arose in some places.
University-Eye-Hospital, Hegewischstr. 2, G-24105 Kiel
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