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Impressum
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Glaucoma Drainage Devices
1Häring G., 1,2Thale A.
1Klinik für Ophthalmologie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hegewischstr. 2, D-24105 Kiel; 2Institut für Anatomie der Christian- Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel
Objective: The influence of the surface quality of ocular implants
on biocompatibility is well known. Therefore, it was the aim of this study
to examine the surface of glaucoma drainage devices by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM).
Methods: Investigated were three glaucoma drainage devices of different
manufacturers: Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (New World Medical, USA), Baerveldt
Glaucoma Implant (Pharmacia, USA), and S4-2000 Glaucoma Valve (FCI, France).
SEM was performed on sterile devices meant for implantation in humans
using a Philips XL 20-SEM. The specimens were first scanned at 15 to 20-fold
magnification, after which details were examined up to 220-fold magnification.
The voltage during SEM was 20.0 kV.
Results: The three glaucoma drainage devices showed irregularities
on their edges. Areas with small irregularities were particularly the
insertion of the drainage tube into the reservoir. Additionally, to some
extent the suture holes appeared rough and irregular. Away from the edges
the surface of all investigated devices was smooth. Also the drainage
tubes were nicely manufactured.
Conclusions: Overall, the results document the high quality of
the surface structure of all investigated glaucoma drainage devices. Nevertheless,
additional attempts to further improve the already high standard in the
manufacturing of glaucoma drainage devices may be advantageous with respect
to longterm biocompatibility.