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Impressum
Radiation-induced cataract in astronauts and cosmonauts
1Rastegar Z. N., 2Eckart P., 1Maier M., 1Mertz M.
1Augenklinik, 2Fachgebiet Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universität München
Objective: Opacification of the ocular lens is an important effect
of exposure to ionizing radiation. Astronauts and cosmonauts are exposed
to relatively high doses of all types of radiation in space, including
high-energy particle radiation. A study has been initiated to examine
the lenses of the eyes of astronauts / cosmonauts to detect signs of radiation-induced
cataracts.
Methods: A modified Topcon SL-45 B Scheimpflug camera system has
been used in this study. For application in cataract studies, this system
has been upgraded at the Radiobiology Institute of the University of Munich
by substituting the conventional camera with an electronic camera and
an electronic image storage system.
Results: The lenses of twenty-one former astronauts and cosmonauts
have been examined. The degrees of opacification in this group of astronauts
and cosmonauts are compared with the measurements in a reference group.
This reference group has been established by examining a cohort of 395
persons using the same Scheimpflug system.
Conclusion: Evaluation of Scheimpflug images distinguishes five
anatomical lens regions:
| I. Anterior capsule | |
| II. Anterior cortex | |
| III. Nucleus | |
| IV. Posterior cortex | |
| V. Posterior capsule |
Initial results indicate that opacity values in most of the astronauts
and cosmonauts are slightly to strongly increased in region IV (posterior
cortex), compared to the average opacity values for the respective age-group
of the cohort. Data analysis is ongoing and further examinations of astronauts
and cosmonauts are planned.