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What is Lost by Digitizing Stereoscopic Fundus Colour Slides for Macular Grading in Age-related Macular Degeneration?

Scholl H. P. N., Peto T., Dandekar S., Bunce C., Webster A. R., Bird A. C.,
Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital (London)

Purpose: To compare 35-mm stereoscopic slide transparencies with digitised non-stereoscopic images (resolution 1024x768 pixels) for grading end-stage abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) specifically geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularisation (CNV).
Methods: 50 eyes of 25 patients with AMD were randomly selected from a large ongoing collection of clinical data and DNA in a tertiary referral UK population. Retinal photography was performed with mydriasis using the Zeiss FF-series 30-degree fundus camera on Ektachrome slide transparency film. The images were centred on the macula. The colour transparencies were then digitised. The grading process has been set up based on the International ARM Epidemiology Study Group. All images were independently graded by three retinal specialists. k statistic and exact agreement were calculated for end-stage lesions in AMD.
Results: Exact agreement ranged between 94-96% (k 0.80-0.82; p<0.0001) for the presence of GA in zone 1-3 and was 88% (k 0.67; p<0.0001) for area covered. For the presence of CNV, exact agreement ranged between 86-98% (k 0.18-0.87; p<0.015) in zone 1-3 and was 90% (k 0.72; p<0.001) for area covered. For individual features of CNV, exact agreement was 96% and k ranged between 0.49-0.83 (p<0.0001) in zone 1-3.
Conclusions: There was close agreement between the grading of stereoscopic slide transparencies and digitised images. However, in three cases of GA and in one case of CNV the lesion was missed. Using other diagnostic modalities such as fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence imaging would assist in determining the presence of lesions of AMD on a purely digital system.

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